May need to increase max user processes ulimit

May need to increase max user processes ulimit. Jan 13, 2017 · There are different parameters can be defined under ulimit umbrella which we will see ahead. memsw. max user processes (-u) 1024. Hard Limit. bashrc in my home dir. It is used to see, set, or limit the resource usage of the current user. Add the following line at the end of the file: ulimit -n <new_limit>. 04 install, the "pam_limits" module wasn't enabled by default for the "su" command, and therefore the "splunk" init. you can verify this by running your container in interactive mode and executing the edited. May 4, 2014 · Sorted by: 18. Also, does this change require a server reboot, to become effective? No, but you may want a new process, or new shell. Setting ulimit: # ulimit -n 99999. By default, without either flag, -S is presumed. ulimit is a Linux shell command to see, set, or limit the resource usage. You need an increase, so need to be root. Size of command buffer we are actually using: 131072. 0 and later Linux x86-64 Symptoms. Check current process limit. Max processes 1024 62265 processes. The default shell in most Linux distribution is bash. runtime: failed to create new OS thread (have 5 already; errno=11) runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) fatal error: newosproc Mar 11, 2015 · -bash: ulimit: open files: cannot modify limit: Invalid argument -bash: ulimit: max user processes: cannot modify limit: Operation not permitted I do modify ulimit before, but I've forgotten what I've done. In this post, we will look how to set maximum user processes in linux. In the context of resource usage limits, there are two categories: hard and soft. 6. Dec 21, 2012 · Setting higher ulimit maybe completely unnecessary depending on the workload/traffic that the tomcat/httpd handles. Just for the current process and all its children. if you are logged in as root: Check limit for other user. Oct 29, 2018 at 6:01. (3) 修改 max “kubelet[5267]: runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u)（kubelet [5267]：运行时：可能需要增加最大用户进程数（ulimit-u））”。 通过运行 ps 命令来标识僵尸进程。在输出中列出的 Z 状态的所有进程都是僵尸进程。 Feb 17, 2017 · Sign in . file size (blocks, -f) unlimited. e soft limit and hard limit. Now I have to wonder, are the user process limits set in ksh still going to be enforced in bash subshells? In the top-level bash subshell, I ran the following: . so The change to PAM modules may be necessary elsewhere, but generally, common-session is included related configurations, e. 1- First check the how many processes a user can execute by using. core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited. file-max=500000. Root or privileged processes can modify both Soft and Hard limits. This will change the number of processes (softlimit) to 1200 for the current shell $$. via. For instance, the hard open file limit on Solaris can be set on boot from /etc/system. List of Softlimits: ulimit -Sa. All values is correct and have different meanings. Jun 27, 2011 · It seems like there is an entirely different method for changing the open files limit for each version of OS X! For OS X Sierra (10. Jul 5, 2017 · runtime: failed to create new OS thread (have 10 already; errno=11) runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) fatal error: newosproc a sample stack: May 30, 2019 · Here is my code. data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited. bash_profile to get sourced). core file size (blocks, -c) 0. Log into the server as root. 错误说明: Linux系统为每个用户都设置了一个最大进程数, 这个特性可以让我们控制服务器上现有用户可以创建的进程数量. Or a couple minutes later, trying to install the strace utility. ulimit -u unlimited. Edit the . Mar 19, 2015 · To solve this problem, you will need to increase the maximum user process limit for the OS user who is starting WebLogic. The release of linux on my server is: Redhat Release: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7. g. d/transmission. You will probably want to look at setrlimit and it’s accompanying functions. docker run --ulimit nofile=<softlimit>:<hardlimit> the first value before the colon indicates the soft file limit and the value after the colon indicates the hard file limit. This will only reset the limit for your current shell and the number you specify must not exceed the hard limit. com Nov 7, 2021 · To limit the max number of processes that a user can spawn, use the -u option. Maximum number of threads the fork system call can create. Feb 23, 2021 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question. Exit and re-login from the terminal for the change to take effect. As others already mentioned look at limits. For some root installations, the Db2 database engine automatically raises ulimits where necessary based on the needs of the Db2 database system. Oct 19, 2013 · Above will increase “total” number of files that can remain open system-wide. bashrc file and add the following line: Raw. Dec 14, 2017 · List of Hardlimits: ulimit -Ha. vi /etc/security Nov 22, 2021 · Viewing ulimit for Linux user account. Go to /etc/security and make a backup of limits. Any process may decrease its own limit, but only a process with appropriate privileges may increase the limit. With the above command the changes you have made will only remain active until the next reboot. Mar 18, 2024 · Here, myProcess. Open the user’s shell configuration file using a text editor such as vi or nano. You likely need to log out and relogin into the shell of the runner user for the change to take effect. conf, e. Apart from ulimit setting for user, the operating system also imposes a global limit for the number of processes, open files on a syst em (for all users together May 23, 2021 · Assuming you are using Ubuntu Desktop 20. Aug 8, 2017 · Anything else we need to know? may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) 8020]: runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) kubelet Feb 7, 2017 · You'll also need to add a line to the /etc/pam. 1) /usr/bin/mandb: fork failed: Hulpbron is tijdelijk onbeschikbaar. in. (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t Apr 10, 2014 · 1 Answer. This file specifies the value at which PIDs wrap around (i. 37/glib-2. Can verify by executing ulimit -n. the max user processes on the AIX system should be higher than that Mar 18, 2024 · kernel: kernel. Don't try to change your system to work around applications bugs. You switched accounts on another tab or window. You could always try doing a ulimit -n 2048. The modification of operating system configurations such as the ulimit configuration is a task that is best handled by an obtained systems administrator that has the skills, training, and expertise required Jan 30, 2015 · Not related with PAM, but you can limit the Docker container with "docker create" command, for example Enduro/X project uses some IPC queue limits, but in the same way you may set some other ulimit settings, as with number of processes it will be "-ulimit nproc=256:512", i. To fix the number of maximum files, you can increase the maximum number of open files by setting a new value in kernel variable /proc/sys/fs/file-max as follows (login as the root): # sysctl -w fs. max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536] – onlyvinish. 1. Apr 7, 2023 · 2. It seems likely that doHalfOpenScan is doing something that ends up spawning a goroutine (and thread) as a side effect, and is leaking that thread instead of cancelling the operation before doHalfOpenScan returns. I. is this command effective, only when run as a root user? Increases can only be done by root. Sep 17, 2010 · So you can increase the maximum number of open files by setting a new value in kernel variable /proc/sys/fs/file-max as follows (login as the root): $ sysctl -w fs. Currently it's at: rev@kali:~$ ulimit -n. Run the ps command to identify the zombie processes. You should get with your DBA to find out what an estimate of the number of processes oracle may run at one time. Aug 28, 2015 · The resource limits shown in ulimit are applied on individual processes, not users. scheduling priority (-e) 0. 8. using ulimit above the hard limit So it needs to look like this: sudo bash mainscript. ulimit -u '-----' For Example, ulimit -u 4096. May 2, 2020 · runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) fatal error: newosproc. user@server02:~> ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 2061701 Dec 19, 2023 · This command sets the maximum number of user processes to 2048. This might be because the Global limit is reached. ulimit -a. Use lsof to see all it has open to see if they are valid or not. That's from a linux-2. Ulimit values control certain characteristics about what resources processes have access to. The user can change this limit, but we cannot set the soft limit higher than the hard limit. Service-specific FDs limits. profile or . org if possible. Change ulimits for a running process: prlimit -p $$ --nproc=1200:. Informatica recommends 4096 user processes. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. To view your current ulimit setting run below command : # ulimit -a. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Dec 21, 2019 · I need to increase the files limit on my system (for running on large files in Spark). Looks like (as you suggested) perhaps something isn't closing May 4, 2023 · Last updated on MAY 04, 2023. Jun 30, 2015 · $ type ulimit ulimit is a shell builtin From man ulimit: The ulimit utility shall set or report the file-size writing limit imposed on files written by the shell and its child processes (files of any size may be read). Even after updating ulimit it results the same. conf: Mar 20, 2019 · Category: Ulimit. ulimit -c –> It display the size of core file. When it comes to ulimit, -H sets hard limits, while -S sets soft limits. ). On my 8. 4. throw (0xb5 May 10, 2012 · Current Behavior When reading a large number of small objects minio crashes with error: runtime: failed to create new OS thread (have 1025 already; errno=11) runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) fatal error: newos Jan 16, 2022 · You signed in with another tab or window. This topic outlines the recommended operating system user process resource limits (ulimits) on Linux® and UNIX operating systems. Mar 18, 2024 · Hard and Soft Limits. If we try to exceed this limit, we’ll encounter an error: bash: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable. I have had to do this for other resource limits in the past, for example, max open files. threads-max. Also, and very important, you may need to check if your application has a memory/file descriptor leak. You can decrease to any value and increase ulimit -u –> It will display the maximum user process limit for the logged in user. To increase the limit, please follow these steps: 1. ulimit -f –> It will display the maximum file size that the user can have. Jan 2, 2024 · Summary. This command will limit them to 10 processes. Be warned, though, using these functions without first having a very good understanding of the daemons/processes you’re limiting may have unintended consequences, such as system instability and early process termination. ulimit -Hn. Apr 7, 2016 · 1. 04 or newer, ulimit is a deprecated function. Reductions can be done by anyone. The limits. ulimit: max user processes: cannot modify limit. Jan 17, 2021 · Once a process is running, limits can be overridden in a number of ways, depending on your context. # vi /root/. maxfiles. In Library/LaunchDaemons create a file named limit. Hard limits are changeable only by superusers. 3- Editing the limits. Temporarily increase the open files hard limit for the session. To increase the soft limit for a specific user you should try following Oct 16, 2017 · 5. Diagnostic Steps. You can check the current value for opened files with the following command: $ cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max. systemd-run --user --scope -p MemoryMax=<memorylimit> \. Logout from the GUI and switch to a VT with Ctl Alt F1, for example, and login without a GUI. Softlimit: A "soft" boundary within the hardlimit, can be changed by the user during runtime: ulimit -Su 10000. $ ulimit -Su 16384 $ ulimit -Su 16385 Mar 29, 2020 · Note about Ubuntu. what if I have multiple pods which have higher setting for max user processes for e. Jul 10, 2015 · The command to run a program with a hard memory limit is. * control files in cgroups v1 which controlled the total amount of memory + swap used. Limiting user processes is important for running a stable system. These values can be set globally or per user. If the max user processes value is lower than the recommended value, then you can increase the value using the following steps: Log in to the Axon server, with root privileges. Maximum user processes; And, for threads: kernel: kernel. References. -p MemorySwapMax=<swaplimit> <command>. The default value for this file, 32768, results in the same. 13 system with the higher limits. by default ulimit sets to 16255 in my Fedora, as a normal user i can reduce the value, but i can not increase the value. Feb 23, 2010 · For the permissions issue, the solution may be to set the limit with root, and then su to the user you need to increase the limit for. If you no longer wish to see this warning, set SOLR_ULIMIT_CHECKS to false in your profile or solr. This will take care of things like fork bombs. I need that number up around 6000. Currently when I run ulimit -Sn I get 1024 and ulimit -Hn gives 4096 . Just replace www-data by linux username you wish to To temporarily set the open files limit for the user you are currently logged in under (e. ulimit -Ha ## Show hard limit ##. # cd /etc/security. Applies to: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure - Version N/A and later Linux OS - Version Oracle Linux 7. Defaults to 32767 and controls the system-wide size of the process table; user-level: ulimit -u, or limits. Kubernetes 在运行一段时间后，某些 pod 健康检测失败后重新创建 pod 的过程中报 resource temporarily unavailable 和 may need to increase max user processes 的错。 排查. Verify what you have set for ulimit –u by running ulimit -u. May 10, 2012 · Current Behavior When reading a large number of small objects minio crashes with error: runtime: failed to create new OS thread (have 1025 already; errno=11) runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) fatal error: newos Jul 27, 2023 · It displays the maximum number of processes (or threads) that a user can have running simultaneously. You will get the below error, If you try to increase the hard limit from normal user. [user1@learnitguide ~]$ ulimit -H -u 12288. You need to set limit at the service/user level or system-wide: System-wide: If you want the change across all relevant users and services. Reload to refresh your session. To verify the change, we can display the current limit with the ‘ulimit -a’ command: ulimit -a # Output: # max user processes (-u) 2048 Limiting the File Size. Each operating system has a different hard limit setup in a configuration file. Sysctl max files: #sysctl -w fs. sudo in order to increase the max user processes limit or the max open files limit etc. (2) 查看 max user processes: # 与查看max open files类似, 可使用 ulimit -u查看max user processes: ulimit -u. $ ulimit -a | grep processes. conf was not applied so I had do use sudo or su from root, and then the limit gets inherited. , the value in this file is one greater than the maximum PID). how much of the process may be paged in at one time. May 18, 2005 · it seems like as a user you can not go beyond currently allowed limit. 2- Execute the command to set-up max_user_processes to your desired settings. describe 查看该 pod 的事件，发现如下报错： user1 is not on the sudoers list. 6 (Maipo) We have a CentOS box that I'm trying to increase the max number of files that a user can have open. The output of a /proc/pid/limits looks like the following: $ cat /proc/22666/limits | grep processes. Any process that shell starts would have the same limit, unless that new process calls setrlimit() appropriately. Here are the errors runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) fatal error: newosproc runtime: failed to create new OS thread (have 15 already; errno=11) This is running on a linux seedbox. 1024. d/common-session file: session required pam_limits. d (startup/shutdown) script which prevented the appropriate limits from being applied. We can also use it to force a process to use only a maximum percentage of the CPU: $ systemd-run --scope -p CPUQuota=10% . Aug 18, 2021 · runtime/cgo: pthread_create failed: Resource temporarily unavailable SIGABRT: failed to create new OS thread (have 5 already; errno=11) runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) After that, this happened with many previously working containers as well. So if you want to check the hard limit on the maximum number of user processes, you would type: christopher@linux-handbook:~$ ulimit -Hu. 2. sh Nov 11, 2021 · Ulimit is a free & open source Linux command. maxproc is 2500 while pid_max is 99999 on macOS. , May 30, 2018 · Nproc is not namespaced and is tied to the UID, but does this limit within the pod correlate somehow with the same limit on the host for the same user? They are not correlated. System-wide vs. It can be reduced in the realtime whenever the process table Ubuntu 20. golang. pid_max. root@poloon:~# ulimit -a. This method changes the limit of the target user temporarily. User or Service-specific Example. There are test failures on the builder dashboard at various places on various machines with runtime: failed to create new OS thread (have 9 already; errno=11) runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) fatal error: newo Jun 17, 2022 · ERROR: for private_web_1 Cannot start service web: start failed: runtime: failed to create new OS thread (have 8 already; errno=11) runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) fatal error: newosproc my setup is hier: Nginx error: connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream Jul 22, 2018 · This has been going on for about 3 weeks now and its incredibly frustrating. So if you ran ulimit -n 64 you would set that shell's limit of open file descriptors to 64. (which sets both the hard and soft limit for processes started under the user debian-transmission to 8192) You can verify the change via: # sudo -u debian-transmission bash -c "ulimit Mar 5, 2024 · Este error puede ocurrir en servicios de hosting cuando la ejecución que estás realizando, o en su conjunto con todo lo que ejecutes en Oracle Linux 6. conf file. Please provide a link on play. You can reduce the hardlimit but you can;t increase being a normal user. 'root'):You can also use the ulimit command to change the values in your current shell. Setting the soft limit to 2000: $ ulimit -Su 2000. Note that memory and swap have separate limits, unlike the memory. "kubelet[5267]: runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u)". Enter a title that clearly identifies the subject of your question. The syntax is as follows to view all soft and hard limits for the current user: ulimit -Sa ## Show soft limit ##. Verify New Limits. ulimit -v limits the amount of virtual memory that may be allocated, and that's what you want. In contrast, the "soft" ulimit is the limit that is actually enforced for a session or process, but any process can increase it up to "hard" ulimit maximum. conf. The ulimit command comes with shell (bash,sh,zsh etc) packages on Linux systems. 2 days ago · A regular user can increase their Soft limit up to the Hard limit. 04 increase max open files limit. They can able to set their own soft limit up to the hard limit value. On Oracle Linux 7 not able to increase the max number of user process limit for oracle user. Jun 20, 2014 · Run the following command when spinning up your container to set the open file limit. Use following command to see max limit of file descriptors: cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max. 9000 . I'm trying to increase the number of files that can be opened by a user, but I keep getting the error: bash: ulimit: open files: cannot modify limit: Operation not permitted. sh Notice: that if you use sudo on a script and send it to the background at the same time e. If you have swap available, the process's virtual memory can be much larger. Apr 20, 2023 · Second, you would need to run your script with elevated privileges i. See full list on phoenixnap. However, I restarted dockerd and all my containers, and the problem seemed By Saket Jain Published April 29, 2022 Linux/Unix. 6 Goal: user jboss_app should be able to run up to 16384 processes We increased max user processes because a user was running out of processes. e. Jul 14, 2023 · For example, to increase open file limit to 500000, you can use the following command as root: # sysctl -w fs. 简述. It is the effective value right now for that user. In the body, insert detailed information, including Oracle product and version. To display hard limits, use option -H: ulimit -H. So assuming there are 2 processes simultaneously being run by 2 users and each process is consuming memory heavily, both the processes will effectively use the 63203 user limit on the processes. 3. However, there are situations when manual increase is needed even for Set Max User Processes Temporarily. (there is a parm for the database for processes. plist and paste the following in (feel free to change the two numbers (which are the soft and hard limits, respectively): Feb 2, 2018 · Hi all, I’ve built a new snap with a simple python console-script but when trying to run I get. The only downside is that it is It might be possible that the " ulimit -a " shows open files, max user processes set to a higher value but still the issue persists. We can easily set the restrictions on the resources used by a process. root user than that on the host? Limits from the container will be applied. /myProcess. Maximum length of command we could actually use: 2090020. This is the ceiling: no non-root process can increase the "hard" ulimit. systemd-run allows us to combine both a CPU and Memory limit: Jan 5, 2024 · Yes. When you login into Gnome, KDE or any other GUI, you have likely more than 35 processes running already. umilit -m –> It will display the maximum memory size for logged in user. $ ulimit -n 1024 $ su <user name> <Enter password> $ ulimit -n 65535 Check the new limit: $ ulimit -n 65535 To check all values, run this: $ ulimit -a Mar 10, 2015 · To see the hard and soft values for httpd or oracle user, issue the command as follows: # su - username. Go to. Hard limit’s are managed by root user. umilit -u –> It will display the maximum user process limit for the logged in user. Save the changes and exit the editor. The ‘ulimit’ command can also limit the maximum file size that the shell can create. : Apr 6, 2018 · I'm working on a test machine and I want to increase ulimit's max open files and max procedures in macOS Sierra. It should be set to 65000 to avoid operational disruption. So, yes, child processes are affected. conf file and put following line so that after reboot the setting will remain as it is. Hi, I'm using this tool for streaming data from S3 into Pytorch Dataloader workers (with multiple workers using multiprocessing), which appears to work for a while, before throwing the following failure: runtime stack: runtime. The "hard" ulimit refers to the maximum number of processes that a user can have active at any time. 21-1ubuntu1) Bezig met afhandelen van triggers voor man-db (2. Run this 3 commands (the first one is optinal), to check current open files limit, switch to admin user, and increase the value. ulimit -Sn. So for example: Feb 27, 2017 · [root@server]# ulimit -Hn. Share. You signed out in another tab or window. Provide details and share your research! But avoid . Using ulimit commands, we gets the information about the memory size limit, maximum stack size, file size & maximum users process of the current user. Apr 25, 2020 · To display soft limits, use option -S: ulimit -S. (Barring that, paste the code directly within a <details> tag and ```go Markdown block. bashrc. At the same time if i reduce the value, say to 16000, then next time onwards I can not reset back to 16255, very funny :) Feb 12, 2023 · 创建 pod 时提示 may need to increase max user processes 错误. On Linux you can configure it via limits. 1. 31503. $ ulimit -u 10. /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max is maximum value for PID, ulimit -u is maximum value for number of processes. To improve performance, we can safely set the limit of processes for the super-user root to be unlimited. 3-2ubuntu0. file-max=100000. THX---- update ----I don't hava a . It is more useful to combine these with specific flags from above. Sep 1, 2019 · @RAbraham - from comments on github there seems some confusion between maxproc (max number of concurrent processes) and pid_max (where process id number wraps). ulimit is a Linux shell command that allows to view or limit the amount of system resources consumed by local Linux users. 12. Soft limit. Only a process with appropriate privileges can increase the limit. Replace “<new_limit>” with the desired value for the maximum number of open files for the user. You need to edit /etc/sysctl. (in dutch) Instellen van strace (4. # echo debian-transmission - nofile 8192 > limits. If the result would overflow an rlim_t, the actual value set is unspecified. Feb 2, 2020 · runtime: failed to create new OS thread (have 21 already; errno=11) runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u) fatal error: newosproc my limit's are already very generouse, which maybe could also be a problem? Or do I maybe have to increase the pipe size? Set the file size limit for output operations of the process to the value of the second argument, taken as a long, multiplied by 512. sh has been launched by systemd-run and can only access the RAM specified. [root@server]# ulimit -Sn. Nov 24, 2020 · 2. So, if that is the case, the 2 users will have effectively used up the entire 126406 threads-max size. Dec 3, 2018 · Specifically speaking, if the value of ulimit -n is 512, and user testUser hava 3 process, does it means testUser can have the total file descriptors for 512 sum up for all his 3 process, or does it means each of testUser's process can have 512 file descriptors and thus testUser can hava a total file descriptors amount of 512*3? Feb 6, 2023 · POSIX upper limit on argument length (this system): 2092562. If the user restarts the session or the system is rebooted, the limit will reset to the default value. So How can I fix this, please help. Leave a Comment / Code / By poloon. As with most operating systems, it is installed during installation Mar 15, 2017 · Here's the key point: a process inherits its current limit from its parent process. However, when logged in as root, the ulimit shows a different value: $ ulimit -u 1024 Why it is not unlimited in this case? How to set or change the default soft or hard limit for the number of user's processes? Environment. Current contents of limits. Any help would be appreciated. However, hard limits can only be adjusted downwards unless you're root. X) you need to:. To view the soft limit, use the following command. All the processes that are listed with the Z state in the output are the zombie processes. sh *** [WARN] *** Your Max Processes Limit is currently 2784. Soft Limit. POSIX smallest allowable upper limit on argument length (all systems): 4096. ulimit -m limits the resident set size of the process - i. conf nproc option. Linux creates a file descriptor per socket connection, so if tomcat is configured to use mod_jk/ajp protocol as a connector then you may want to see if the maximum allowed connection is too high or if the connectionTimeout or keepAliveTimeout is too high. Example: # ulimit -a. On linux pid_max is 32768 for 32 bit systems or up to 4194304 for 64 bit. sh. To set the new value for the number of open file descriptors (default is 1024) per process, you can use : ulimit -n 512 Note that you can check the hard limit and soft limits with ulimit -Hn and ulimit -Sn respectively. Select a discussion category from the picklist. Sep 25, 2003 · max user processes is set smit/system environments/ change show characteristics of operating system, not ulimit. Open up limits Oct 1, 2023 · To display the individual resource limit then pass the individual parameter in ulimit command, some of parameters are listed below: ulimit -n –> It will display number of open files limit. Ulimit is a built-in tool that is used for setting maximum limits on various resources for a particular user. You can use the ulimit utility to override kernel/inherited values: $ ulimit -n <new limit> You can optionally add the -H and -S options to specify whether you want to increase the hard or soft So now, every time I create a shell, ksh sets the soft user process limit and starts bash as an interactive login shell (I still want ~/. dq sc yk rs gq wz wt li au mq